Trends and Outcomes of Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Outlook and Review of Open and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Cholecystectomy refers to the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is an essential modality for managing gallstones and can be performed through an open or laparoscopic approach. This study explores cholecystectomy trends and outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the adoption and effectiveness of open and laparoscopic approaches. Methods: We carried out a narrative review of open and laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in sub-Saharan Africa from published articles that evaluated the trends, outcomes, and factors determining the approach to Cholecystectomy and how these factors affected surgical outcomes. Data was obtained via online search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, using the Keywords cholecystectomy, gallstones, laparoscopy, and open surgeries. Results: Key findings indicated that laparoscopic surgeries are less prevalent due to limited resources, training, equipment, and cost. The study reviewed 3,274 cholecystectomies, with a higher prevalence of open surgeries (77.36%) than laparoscopic (22.74%). These insights aim to inform strategies for optimizing surgical treatments in resource-limited settings. Conclusion: Open Cholecystectomy remains prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa due to resource constraints, lack of trained personnel, and infrastructural challenges for laparoscopic techniques. Despite the advantages of laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, its adoption is limited. The study recommends increased investment in training healthcare professionals in laparoscopic techniques and enhancing the necessary infrastructure. Future research should focus on reducing costs and improving access to laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the region, with government and stakeholders collaborating to train more healthcare professionals. These steps could improve health outcomes and address existing disparities.