Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain and spinal degeneration in primarycaregivers of children with disabilities.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread public health concern associated with spinal degeneration, including changes in intervertebral discs, facet joints, and multifidus muscles. In Zambia, primary caregivers of children with disabilities report lower health status and are disproportionately affected by back pain.Objective: To determine the prevalence of LBP and spinal degenerative conditions among primary caregivers of children with disabilities and identify associated risk factors.Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of children with disabilities attending the outpatient physiotherapy clinic at the University Teaching Hospitals. Data were gathered using a structured two-part questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. Associations between LBP and risk factors were evaluated with ANOVA at a 5% significance level.Results: Ninety percent (90%) of caregivers reported experiencing LBP in the past year, highlighting significant musculoskeletal strain from caregiving. Degenerative spinal conditions, such as lumbar spondylitis, were less prevalent, observed in only 5% of participants. This indicates that while LBP is highly common, it does not necessarily signal degenerative spinal conditions. Clinical Implications: Routine screening and early intervention are essential to prevent chronic pain and disability among caregivers. Strategies such as ergonomic support and education on proper caregiving techniques should be prioritised by healthcare providers to reduce musculoskeletal strain. Conclusion: Caregiving places substantial physical demands on individuals, often leading to LBP and potential long-term musculoskeletal issues. Addressing the physical and emotional burdens of caregiving through supportive measures is crucial for improving caregivers’ well-being.