Development of the modern medical rehabilitation system in Russia: a review

The development of Russia’s medical rehabilitation system is a healthcare priority, driven by the high prevalence of disability and the need to improve life expectancy and quality of life. This development draws on international experience with multidisciplinary, patient-centered approaches and the contemporary global political context. Recent years have seen significant progress in establishing the regulatory framework, developing federal programs, and implementing pilot projects to create a multi-tiered rehabilitation model that has proven clinically and economically effective. Modern medical rehabilitation is organized around the principles of early intervention, continuity of care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and individualized, patient-centered approaches. The persistent need to identify effective organizational models and implement team-based practices that improve the functioning and social integration of individuals with disabilities drives the continuous evolution of the rehabilitation system. Innovative technologies are being actively introduced, including telemedicine services, robotic systems, and digital educational and diagnostic tools. The expansion of digital and telemedicine instruments facilitates continuous patient monitoring and remote management, aligning with global healthcare trends. Despite these achievements, systemic challenges persist, including workforce shortages, insufficient digitalization of processes, and the gaps in the regulatory framework. The continued development of rehabilitation services is expected to improve healthcare accessibility and quality, thereby strengthening the country’s socio-economic potential.