Cryogenics and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector installation at Fermilab

Abstract This paper describes the cryogenic and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector in its present implementation at the Fermi National Laboratory, Illinois, U.S.A. The ICARUS T600 detector is made of four large Time Projection Chambers, installed in two separate containers of about 275 m 3 each. The detector uses liquid argon both as target and as active medium. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions and the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector was previously operated in Italy, at the INFN Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS), in a three-year run on the CERN to LNGS Long Baseline Neutrino Beam. For its operation on the Booster and NuMI neutrino beams at Fermilab, for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections, the detector was moved from Gran Sasso to CERN for the upgrades required for operation at shallow depth with high intensity neutrino beams. The liquid argon containers, the thermal insulation and all the cryogenic equipment have been completely re-designed and rebuilt, following the schemes of the previous installation in Gran Sasso. The detector and all the equipment have been transported to Fermilab, where they have been installed, tested and recently put into operation. The work described in this paper has been conducted as a joint responsibility of CERN and Fermilab with the supervision provided by the ICARUS Collaboration. Design, installation, testing, commissioning and operation are the result of a common effort of CERN, Fermilab and INFN groups.

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Journal
Journal of Instrumentation
Published
2026-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/21/04/p04012
Primary Topic
Particle Detector Development and Performance
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article
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article

Cryogenics and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector installation at Fermilab

C. Brizzolari, B. Bottino, Adrien Blanchet, N. Gallice et al.
Journal of Instrumentation
Particle Detector Development and Performance
article

Cryogenics and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector installation at Fermilab

C. Brizzolari, B. Bottino, Adrien Blanchet, N. Gallice, C. James, S. Centro, N. Berger, H. da Motta, A. Falcone, L. Cooper-Troendle, Dae Koh, K. S. McFarland, M. Carneiro, A. Heggestuen, M. Geynisman, F. G. Garcia, O. Beltramello, J. Dyer, C. Marshall, T. Boone, S. Bertolucci, M. Dall’Olio, S. Cherubini, H. Carranza, A. Menegolli, H. Hausner, Kim Js, A. Cocco, L. Kashur, I. Terrazas, W. Badgett, D. Gibin, J. Asaadi, J. Larkin, G. Cerati, S. Dytman, Francisco Fernandez, A. Guglielmi, M. Diwan, A. A. Dange, B. Behera, S. Di Domizio, Z. Hulcher, S. J. Brice, S. I. Martynenko, F. Drielsma, A. Fava, S. Copello, L. Aliaga Soplin, A. Braggiotti, Roza Doubnik, T. E. Coan, M. Bonesini, J. Bremer, Ryan T. Howell, A. Campani, R. Benocci, M. Betancourt, L. Domine, D. Cherdack, C. Farnese, D. P. Méndez, Y. -J. Jwa, N. Chithirasreemadam, Vincenzo Bellini, M. Chalifour, P. Abratenko, W. Jang, D. Carber, N. Mauri, V. Brio, F. Boffelli, L. Di Noto, A. Gioiosa, P. Chambouvet, A. De Roeck, Yufeng Li, Antoni Aduszkiewicz, M. R. Convery, S. Donati, W. Ketchum, S. Berkman, N. Abrego-Martinez, I. Ingratta, A. Chatterjee, S. Dolan, H. S. Budd, A. Castro, D. Di Ferdinando, C. Fabre, A. Campos, C. Gatto, B. Howard, W. Gu, G. Gurung, M. Artero Pons, F. Akbar, Fatima Abd Alrahman, K. Hassinin
article en

Abstract

Abstract This paper describes the cryogenic and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector in its present implementation at the Fermi National Laboratory, Illinois, U.S.A. The ICARUS T600 detector is made of four large Time Projection Chambers, installed in two separate containers of about 275 m 3 each. The detector uses liquid argon both as target and as active medium. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions and the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector was previously operated in Italy, at the INFN Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS), in a three-year run on the CERN to LNGS Long Baseline Neutrino Beam. For its operation on the Booster and NuMI neutrino beams at Fermilab, for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections, the detector was moved from Gran Sasso to CERN for the upgrades required for operation at shallow depth with high intensity neutrino beams. The liquid argon containers, the thermal insulation and all the cryogenic equipment have been completely re-designed and rebuilt, following the schemes of the previous installation in Gran Sasso. The detector and all the equipment have been transported to Fermilab, where they have been installed, tested and recently put into operation. The work described in this paper has been conducted as a joint responsibility of CERN and Fermilab with the supervision provided by the ICARUS Collaboration. Design, installation, testing, commissioning and operation are the result of a common effort of CERN, Fermilab and INFN groups.

Journal of InstrumentationVol. 21(04)
Physical Research Laboratory (IN), Tufts University (US), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), University of Pittsburgh (US), Southern Methodist University (US), The University of Texas at Arlington (US), York University (CA), Brookhaven National Laboratory (US), University of Pavia (IT), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), University of Catania (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (IT), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (BR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT), University of Houston (US), University of Rochester (US), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX), Virginia Tech (US), Colorado State University (US), University of Bologna (IT)
Openalex Percentile: Top 99%
Particle Detector Development and Performance
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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