Understanding knowledge, perception, attitude and behaviour on sustainable healthcare waste management practices in selected National Health Service Trusts in the Northwest of England

Of the carbon emissions that the National Health Service (NHS) directly produces, waste and water currently make up about 21%, only second to building energy. This study evaluated current knowledge, perception, attitude and behaviour on sustainable healthcare waste management (SHCWM) practices within selected NHS Trusts in Northwest England post-COVID-19 as part of wider research to develop a resilient assessment tool for SHCWM implementation within NHS Trusts in the United Kingdom. The study utilised a questionnaire survey of hospital staff across three NHS Trusts. A total of 58 respondents from clinical and non-clinical roles were analysed. The results showed lack of periodic training, reflected in generally low levels of knowledge on health/environmental risks of healthcare waste management (HCWM), SHCWM practices and legislation on HCWM in the United Kingdom and deficiencies in segregation practice. Statistical tests showed significant differences in attitude among age groups and roles. Those under the age of 35 demonstrated more positive attitude towards SHCWM, whereas clinical support staff demonstrated more positive attitude towards SHCWM compared to doctors and nurses. While the findings demonstrate a lack of periodic training on SHCWM, there appears to be a generally positive perception and attitude towards SHCWM practices. Where SHCWM initiatives are introduced, the findings suggest that staff would be willing to engage and participate. This paper gives those leading sustainability efforts at NHS Trusts a snapshot of current sentiment towards SHCWM and elevates the need to develop minimum mandatory periodic training to improve staff knowledge and practice on SHCWM as part of efforts towards a net zero future.