Rasch model: Student Perception on Organisational Learning, Ethical Leadership, Government Support and Corporate Governance Influence the Corporate Social Innovation

This study investigates the factors influencing corporate social innovation (CSI) in Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by using student perceptions. Using Rasch model analysis, the study aims to validate the measurement instrument assessing four key constructs: organisational learning, ethical leadership, government support, and corporate governance. Data from 25 student respondents were analyzed for person and item reliability, model fit, and unidimensionality. The results showed strong person reliability (0.89) and acceptable item reliability (0.71), with most items fitting the Rasch model expectations. One item (F2) showed significant misfit and requires revision. The Wright Map highlighted a need for more challenging items for high-ability respondents and better-aligned items for lower-ability participants. The scale demonstrated acceptable unidimensionality (71.3%), supporting its use for measuring perceptions related to CSI drivers. These findings confirm the instrument’s validity and suggest improvements for future application.