Colour Stability and Optical Properties of Provisional Crowns Fabricated With Milling, 3D Printing, and Direct Technique

The fabrication technique influences the esthetic durability of provisional restorations. Milled PMMA crowns provided superior colour stability and optical outcomes, making them ideal for long-term aesthetics. Direct technique crowns were more prone to discolouration and surface degradation. Tobacco had the strongest chromogenic effect. Selecting the right technique and considering patient habits are essential for lasting aesthetic results.