Erector Spinae Plane Block for Preserving Pulmonary Function in Patients with Traumatic Rib Fractures

Rib fractures are frequently seen in trauma patients and are associated with increased mortality, primarily due to pulmonary complications. This study investigates the efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in preserving pulmonary function in patients with traumatic rib fractures. A search was conducted in PubMed using the terms "erector spinae plane" AND ("rib fracture" OR "rib fractures") AND trauma. The results were filtered to include studies within the past five years, available full-text articles, and relevancy to this research question. Ultimately, five studies were isolated and included in this review. The methodology for measuring pulmonary function varied between the five studies. Measured outcomes included respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen pressure, inspiratory capacity, incentive spirometry volume, and diaphragmatic excursion. Data synthesis shows improved pulmonary function measures following ESPB in all five reviewed studies. These findings should be used to help implement ESPB as a readily available therapy option for traumatic rib fractures. Trauma centers can also use this data to encourage the implementation of ESPB within their protocolized management of rib fractures. There is minimal randomized control data on this topic. A multicentered randomized control trial with clearly defined and measurable pulmonary function outcomes remains an ideal future research opportunity.