Evaluation of Risk Factors Contributing to the Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital

Published on: September 2025Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2026; 19(1):98-103. Original Article| doi: 10.5530/ijopp.20260426Authors and affiliation (s): Marie Reine Maboune Kamdem, Blessy Karimcholathundiyil George*, Balakeshwa Ramaiah Department of Pharmacy Practice, Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru Province, Karnataka, INDIA. ABSTRACT Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a rising burden in developing countries like India. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of ACS in tertiary care hospitals is crucial for improving management and prevention strategies. The objective of the present study was to assess the risk factors contributing to ACS in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, involving 200 patients admitted with ACS between December and May. Data were collected from patient records, including demographic information, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to examine associations between variables. Results: Significant cardiovascular risk factors identified in the study included a family history of coronary artery disease (42%), hypertension (39%), smoking (24%), and diabetes (19%). In-hospital treatment strategies were largely following established guidelines, with most patients receiving aspirin (97.5%), clopidogrel (96.9%), and statins (98.5%). Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) was performed in 60.1% of the patients. A significant association was observed between smoking and hypertension with the type of ACS diagnosis, suggesting the importance of aggressive risk factor management. Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of modifiable risk factors such as smoking and hypertension in ACS patients, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies. STEMI was the predominant form of ACS, necessitating urgent interventions. Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, STEMI, NSTEMI, Unstable Angina, Risk Factors.