A Review on Green Buildings for Sustainable Futures: Applications, Materials, and the Indian Perspective

Green buildings represent a vital approach to sustainable development by integrating environmentally conscious design, innovative materials, and long-term management strategies. Their application in building design emphasizes energy efficiency, resource optimization, and harmony with the environment to reduce ecological impacts and improve human well-being. The use of green building materials—such as recycled, renewable, and locally sourced resources—not only conserves energy and natural assets but also enhances indoor air quality, durability, and economic value. However, while the adoption of green practices continues to expand, challenges such as inadequate management systems, lack of post-construction maintenance, and the gap between conceptual design and real performance hinder their sustainability. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive planning frameworks, supportive policies, and innovative technologies to ensure that buildings remain efficient and sustainable throughout their life cycle.