RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MAXILLARY SINUS PNEUMATIZATION IN EGYPTIAN AND SPANISH POPULATIONS

Purpose: This study aimed to examine how age, sex, and race affect maxillary sinus pneumatization. Additionally, it aimed to determine which tooth on each side caused greater sinus pneumatization following extraction among Spanish and Egyptian patients. Materials and Methods: Two protocols were used to assess maxillary sinus pneumatization digitally in 440 panoramic X-rays. The sample included 220 Spanish and 220 Egyptian patients, both male and female, aged 20 years or older. All patients had one or more maxillary posterior teeth extracted (from the first premolar to the third molar) on one side, with the contra lateral side fully dentate . Results: Younger patients have a higher likelihood of sinus penetration with roots. The distance between the maxillary sinus and teeth is smaller in men than in women. No significant differences were observed between the right and left sides. In Spanish patients, the greatest pneumatization occurs after the second molar extraction, followed by the first molar. In Egyptian patients, the highest pneumatization is associated with extracting the second premolar, followed by the first molar. The distance to the maxillary sinus was significant in both populations. Univariate analyses showed non-significant extraction effects with varying effect sizes. The highest adjusted R² values were observed at the first molar in Egyptian and the second molar in Spanish patients. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus volume changes with age; as age increases, the volume decreases. There is no significant difference in gender regarding the tooth-sinus-floor distance, but males show larger sinuses. No significant difference is seen between the right and left sides.