Robotic Liver Resections: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Abstract Purpose of Review This narrative review aims to explore the role of robotic surgery in liver procedures, with a particular focus on its evolution, clinical applications, and advantages compared to laparoscopic and open techniques. We examine how robotic systems are expanding the indications of minimally invasive liver surgery, current limitations, and provide insights into emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality. Recent Findings Recent literature highlights the growing adoption of robotic liver resections (RLR) for both minor and major hepatectomies, including challenging anatomical segments. Studies demonstrate improved precision, a potentially faster learning curve, and favorable short-term outcomes. Robotic techniques have also gained traction in living donor hepatectomy and, more recently, in full robotic liver transplantation. Technological advances such as near-infrared imaging, and AI integration are further enhancing the capabilities of the robotic platform. Summary Robotic liver surgery is a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative to conventional approaches, particularly in complex resections. Current evidence supports an emerging role even in both donor and recipient living donor liver transplants operations Our experience at the University of Illinois at Chicago reinforces these findings, suggesting the practical benefits of robotic systems and its growing role in clinical practice.