Correlation of Coagulation Profile with Injury Severity in Road Traffic Accident Patients

Background: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Trauma-induced coagulopathy is a common and life-threatening complication observed in severely injured patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between coagulation profiles and injury severity among patients involved in road traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital and the A&E Department of DHQ Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan. A total of 230 patients with moderate to severe injuries were recruited. Coagulation profiles (PT, APTT, INR, platelet count) were measured upon admission, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for each patient. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 230 trauma patients, 67.8% were male, and 32.2% were female. The mean age was 36.4 ± 12.7 years. A majority of patients presented with moderate to severe trauma based on ISS. Thrombocytopenia was found in 29% of patients. Prolonged PT and APTT were observed in 46% and 38% of cases respectively. Elevated D-dimer levels were noted in 52%, and low fibrinogen levels were found in 33% of patients. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between abnormal coagulation parameters and higher ISS scores. DIC scores were significantly elevated in patients with severe trauma, suggesting a strong link between coagulopathy and injury severity. Abnormal PT, APTT, and INR levels were significantly associated with higher injury severity scores (p < 0.05). Platelet counts showed moderate correlation with injury severity. The data suggests that abnormal coagulation profiles are prevalent among RTA patients with severe injuries. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between coagulation abnormalities and injury severity in road traffic accident patients. Early assessment of coagulation profiles may aid in the risk stratification and timely management of trauma patients.