Ayurvedic Dhoopan Karma - A Classical to Contemporary Review with special emphasis on Karna Rogas

Dhoopan Karma, an integral part of Ayurvedic therapeutics, involves the fumigation of herbs and medicated substances to purify the environment and treat various disorders. This ancient technique, documented extensively in classical texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, was initially prescribed for Vishodhana, Rakshoghna, and disease management in surgical and infectious conditions. Over time, the therapeutic scope of Dhoopan Karma has expanded from ritualistic and preventive measures to clinical utility in managing Karna Rogas (ear disorders), particularly those involving infection, inflammation, or suppuration. This review explores the classical origins, selection of Dhoopan Dravyas (fumigation herbs), pharmacodynamics, and the method of administration. Emphasis is laid on the therapeutic utility in Karna Rogas, such as Karna Srava (otorrhea), Karna Shoola (earache), and Pūtikarna (foul-smelling ear discharge), where Dhoopan offers anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and deodorizing effects. Additionally, the review includes evidence-based findings from contemporary research, validating the bioactive potential of key Dhoopan ingredients like Guggulu, Haridra, Vacha, and Neem. By bridging traditional wisdom with modern clinical relevance, this article highlights the promising future of Ayurvedic fumigation therapy in ENT care, especially in low-resource settings or as an adjunct to modern otological treatments. Further clinical trials and standardization of protocols are suggested to validate and globalize this ancient yet effective modality.