Skin microbiome and inflammatory dermatoses: A focused review

In recent years, the skin microbiome has emerged as an important factor in the development and management of inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne vulgaris. Our narrative review investigates current knowledge of the complicated relationship between microbial communities and skin immunity, with an emphasis on dysbiosis patterns, molecular mechanisms, and innovative treatment strategies. We look at novel methods, including probiotics, postbiotics, phage therapy, and microbiome-targeted topicals, as well as the significance of sequencing technology and artificial intelligence in generating tailored dermatologic treatments. What sets this review apart is its integrated focus on disease-specific microbial signatures and therapeutic translation, which connects microbiology, immunology, and digital health. Unlike many previous reviews, which approach the skin microbiome as a monolith, we focus on inter-individual heterogeneity, site-specific colonization, and the microbiota’s contextual function in modulating inflammatory pathways. This study also reveals significant gaps in the existing literature, such as inconsistent sample procedures, limited geographic and ethnic representation, and a lack of longitudinal human studies. Future research must close these gaps by using standardized multi-omics techniques, including environmental and dietary variables, and verifying microbiome-driven therapies in large, heterogeneous populations. Personalized microbiome therapeutics are a potential development in precision dermatology.