Biomechanical Assessment of Stress Distribution in Hafnium, Titanium, PEEK, and Cobalt-chromium Frameworks for Implant-supported Prostheses: A Finite Element Analysis

Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have long been used in dental prosthetics due to their exceptional mechanical strength and rigidity.They offer excellent wear resistance and are well-suited for longspan restorations.However, Co-Cr alloys possess a very high elastic modulus, which may cause unfavorable stress concentrations within the implant system and adjacent bone. 9Moreover, their brittleness and lower ductility compared to titanium (Ti) or hafnium (Hf) make 1-