Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy in Achieving Optimal Arousal Range in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder – Pilot Study

<ns3:p>Introduction: In numerous studies, differences have been indicated in sensory processing among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Sensory modulation is highly variable in this population, with responses ranging from hyperreactivity to underreactivity. Processing difficulties are associated with stereotypical movements, limited attention span and deficits in daily living skills, such as dressing and eating independently.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of Sensory Integration (SI) therapy on the development of self-regulation skills and the improvement of sensory modulation in children with ASD, using the STEP-SI (Sensation, Task, Environment, Predictability, Self-regulation, Interaction) objectified clinical reasoning model.Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 36 children with ASD, aged 3 to 6 years, including 31 boys and 5 girls. The participants were divided into two age subgroups according to the project design. Sensory modulation and the effectiveness of SI therapy were assessed using the specific components of the STEP-SI model alongside Randall’s interview questionnaire.Results: SI therapy significantly improved self-regulation and sensory modulation. The greatest gains in sensation, task performance, environment adaptation and predictability were observed after 10 sessions (T2), with some effects maintaining at follow-up (T3). Randall’s questionnaire confirmed improvements in behaviour, peer relations, attention sharing, speech and play. Effect sizes accounted for 13%-65% of variance across domains.Conclusions: Sensory Integration therapy contributes to improved self-regulation in children with ASD. Enhanced sensory modulation abilities are associated with a reduction in the intensity of behaviours typical of ASD. Additionally, improvements were observed in motor skills and self-care abilities.</ns3:p>