Molecular Mechanism of Physical Exercise in Increasing Genetic Expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1): A Systematic Review

Background: Obesity is associated with decreased levels of protein sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). This decrease can disrupt SIRT1 activity, leading to reduced antioxidant defenses, increased oxidative stress, impaired fatty acid oxidation, and reduced energy expenditure. These changes can contribute to a positive energy balance and long-term weight gain. Exercise is an alternative way to prevent decreased sirtuin 1 level. Sirtuin 1 plays a role in cell maintenance, stress markers, determining cell fate, maintaining energy balance, preventing DNA damage, and maintaining the stability and continuity of cell function. Objective: This study aims to determine and measure how the mechanism of physical exercise can increase the expression of SIRT1. Methods: Several journal databases, such as Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, were searched for this study. The criteria for this study included papers on oxidative stress, physical exercise, and SIRT1 published during the previous five years. The only publications rejected for inclusion in this analysis were those published in non-reputable journals. Using Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, a total of 1,891 publications were found. These systemic breakthrough criteria have been examined and discussed in about 9 studies. Results: Physical exercise can increase the expression of SIRT1. Conclusions: Physical exercise is proven to increase the expression of SIRT1 to influence the increase of biogenesis in mitochondria, which will have a favorable and beneficial impact on the degree of human health.