Sustainable fuel and power from biomass: 4E analysis of a solar-assisted DME production system with CO₂ capture

Transitioning to clean energy requires efficient, low-carbon fuel production methods. Traditional biomass-to-fuel approaches are limited by inefficiency, cost, and emissions. This study presents an innovative system based on renewable lignocellulosic biomass to produce dimethyl ether (DME), methanol, and electricity simultaneously. The design integrates thermochemical conversion, solar thermal energy, internal power generation, and post-combustion CO₂ capture. Waste heat and solar energy drive dual electricity-producing loops, enabling internal energy sufficiency and surplus sale. Simulations indicate 50 % total energy efficiency and 49 % exergy efficiency, with hourly production of 2.7 tons DME and 0.56 tons methanol. Economic analysis shows baseline feasibility with an NPV of ∼$530 M and payback period ∼5.5 years; sensitivity to biomass price, capital cost, and discount rate is noted, highlighting potential uncertainty ranges. This integrated pathway offers a scalable, low-carbon, and economically viable solution for sustainable bioenergy.