Comparative Analysis of Carbon Emissions Between Precast Concrete and Cast-In-Place Methods

Abstract: The construction sector significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, underscoring the need for strategies that balance development with sustainability. Precast concrete offers a potential alternative to reduce carbon emissions while improving cost efficiency and implementation time. This study aims to analyze the extent to which carbon emission reductions and cost efficiencies can be achieved by comparing precast and cast-in-place concrete construction methods. The analysis is based on a case study of the Klungkung District Attorney's Office, Bali Province. It compares the environmental impacts, particularly carbon emissions, and construction costs of the two methods. The study considers total CO? emissions, material efficiency, transportation, energy consumption, and equipment use, employing a quantitative descriptive approach that integrates both primary and secondary data. The results show that the precast method produces 24% lower carbon emissions than the cast-in-place method, with total emissions amounting to 134 tons of CO?. This reduction is attributed to lower material losses and the efficiency of the fabrication process.