Quasinormal modes and Gray body factors of Wormholes: From General prescription to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet realizations

Traversable wormholes (TWHs) are one of the most exciting predictions of General Relativity (GR) that offer short-cuts through space-time. However, their feasibility requires the violation of the null energy condition (NEC) and makes their detection a bit difficult. This paper aims to show the new avenues delving deep into the observational prospects of TWHs via quasinormal modes (QNMs) and gray body factors (GBFs). These are the two elementary aspects of wave dynamics. Given their distinct spectral imprints, these features provide a potential means to distinguish wormholes from black holes in gravitational wave observations. The role of QNMs in characterizing the ringdown phase of perturbations and the GBFs in determining transmission probabilities through wormhole barriers have been explored by a general description and then fed to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) WH solutions in isotropic as well as anisotropic cases. Finally, a correspondence of the QNM frequencies with radius of the WH shadows has been made and the effect of Gauss Bonnet parameter on the QNM spectra has been discussed.