Who stays on track? Investigating compliance with 24-h MB guidelines and its associated factors across childhood and adolescence in Australia

Across the transition to adolescence, compliance tends to drift away from full adherence: sustained adherence is uncommon, improvement occurs for a minority, and persistence of non-compliance is the dominant pattern. Associations differ across socioeconomic position, parental age, immigrant background, and baseline health, indicating that uniform strategies are unlikely to meet population needs. Developmentally timed and context-specific supports across schools, families, and communities are warranted. Future work should test targeted interventions using longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs, examine effect modification across social dimensions with intersectionality-informed analyses, and draw on complementary approaches such as system modelling, realist or mixed-methods evaluation, and co-design with priority groups.