Frequency of Recurrence Lumbar Disc Herniation after Conventional Discectomy

Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a frequent spinal condition that may require surgical intervention when conservative management fails. Conventional discectomy remains a widely practiced approach, yet recurrence of herniation continues to pose a clinical challenge, contributing to postoperative morbidity and repeated interventions. Understanding recurrence rates and associated risk factors is essential for improving surgical outcomes. Objective: To determine the frequency of recurrence lumbar disc herniation in patients with conventional discectomy. Study Design: Descriptive study. Duration and Place of Study: This study was conducted from January 2025 to May 2025 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Methodology: A total of 119 patients aged 20–60 years with lumbar disc herniation confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging and undergoing conventional discectomy were included. Recurrence was defined as a new or increased protrusion or extrusion exceeding 25% of the disc circumference at the same or adjacent level within six months of surgery, confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging with associated clinical features. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.65 ± 10.24 years, with a male predominance (67.2%). Recurrence occurred in 11 patients (9.2%). Diabetes showed a significant association with recurrence (p < 0.001), while other factors such as age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, residence, duration of complaints, and smoking were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of lumbar disc herniation following conventional discectomy was 9.2%, with diabetes emerging as a significant predictor.