Yield Impact of Panicle Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloesporioides</i> on Mango Gowers in Samal District, Samal Island: A Quantitative Assessment

This study evaluated the incidence of mango panicle anthracnose and its impacts on farmers in Samal District, Samal Island. Results show that mango production is largely managed by middle-aged to older farmers, mainly male, with limited formal education and small to medium farm sizes. While this reflects strong farming experience, it also limits the adoption of improved management practices due to lack of technical training. Panicle anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was identified as a major constraint to mango production. Most respondents observed moderate to severe infection, particularly during the wet season, with 11–50% of trees and panicles affected annually. The disease was found to reduce yield, lower fruit quality, and cause high postharvest rejection rates. Consequently, income losses exceeding 50% were reported by many growers. Farmers rely heavily on fungicide applications during flowering and fruiting, but limited access to extension services and sustainable options reduces effectiveness. Coping measures include frequent fungicide use, adjusted induction schedules, and farmer-to-farmer collaboration. Although interest in resistant varieties was expressed, adoption remains low. The study concludes that anthracnose remains a persistent and economically damaging disease. Strengthening farmer capacity and promoting integrated, sustainable management are essential to safeguard production and income.