Preoperative Urine Culture Combined With Stone Diameter Are Often Indicators of the Stone Culture Results

Purpose The current clinical guidelines recommend routine stone bacterial culture for patients who have undergone stone surgery. However, the results of bacterial culture are obtained after several days, which delay the implementation of early treatment postsurgery. In this study, we performed stone bacterial culture for several surgical patients and predicted the results and types of stone bacterial culture based on specific parameters on admission. This case provides important clinical data that will guide the implementation of early detection and management of postoperative infections. Methods Patients who underwent stone surgery between October 2023 and January 2024, all of whom underwent urine and stone bacterial culture were enrolled in the study. Their results were processed and compared using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 165 patients were enrolled in the study, among whom 57 had positive stone cultures, 37 had positive urine culture (UC), and 21 had both positive stone and urine cultures. Univariate analysis indicated that the positive stone cultures were associated with preoperative UC and preoperative use of antibiotics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that positive preoperative UC was a significant risk factor for stone culture (SC). Patients with consistent results in both UC and SC exhibited larger kidney stone diameters. Furthermore, the combination of UC and stone diameter could effectively predict the bacterial species of SC (AUC = 0.817). Conclusion In patients with large‐diameter kidney stones, the bacteria identified in UC were often similar to those detected in the SC.