From policy to plate: stakeholder perspectives on nutrition policy in Australian early childhood education environments

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are pivotal in shaping children's dietary behaviours. While the importance of centre-based nutrition policies (CBNPs) in shaping early childhood nutrition environments is well established, little is known about how these policies are interpreted and implemented by those working in the sector. In particular, limited research has explored the perspectives of both service-level (ECEC employees) and agency-level (health/government organization) stakeholders, which are two groups central to supporting and enacting these policies in practice. This study used a qualitative exploratory design to understand stakeholder experiences and perspectives regarding the implementation of CBNPs and the broader challenges in fostering supportive ECEC nutrition environments. Semi-structured Zoom interviews were conducted with 9 ECEC employees and 10 agency-level representatives across 8 Australian jurisdictions. Interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, reflecting how stakeholders understood the importance of CBNPs and what factors they believed were necessary for successful implementation: (i) the need for realistic rather than idealistic policy requirements, (ii) adaptation as a prerequisite for implementation, and (iii) the value of a multi-faceted approach in creating optimal nutrition environments. Findings point to the need for a multi-faceted approach that combines adaptable guidelines with targeted, practical support such as training and resources, tailored to the realities of ECEC settings. Strengthening partnerships between policymakers, educators, families, and health professionals is critical to supporting the sector and developing feasible strategies that enhance CBNP implementation and promote healthy eating among young children.