Risk Assessment of Synthetic Cell Technology in Environmental Remediation: A stakeholder policy perception analysis

<ns3:p>Background Synthetic cells have emerged as promising tools for targeted, efficient, and sustainable environmental cleanup, and there is a growing need to understand not only their technical potential but also the biosafety, biosecurity, and governance implications of their deployment in natural ecosystems. Despite their innovative promise, there are currently no standardized global frameworks to assess and manage their risks, particularly those concerning ecological disruption, misuse, and public acceptance. Therefore, this study explored the dual nature of synthetic cells as a tool for ecological restoration. Method This study conducted stakeholder perception analysis through seven expert interviews and surveys involving 70 respondents, primarily from academia and the environmental policy sector. Thematic analysis was used to extract the key concerns. Results Stakeholders highlighted the strong support for the potential of technology in pollutant degradation and climate mitigation. However, major concerns have emerged regarding unintended gene transfer, containment failure, dual-use risks, and a lack of international regulation. The thematic analysis revealed the need for risk assessment strategies, containment measures, and regulatory oversight. Conclusion Recommendations include the development of standardized risk assessment protocols, lifecycle containment strategies, transparent public engagement, and international collaboration. Policymakers must act early to ensure that the environmental benefits of this emerging technology can be realized while mitigating the associated risks.</ns3:p>