VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF URBAN RAIL TRANSPORT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BUS TRANSFERS

To accurately assess the vulnerability of urban rail transit networks and enhance their resistance to operational risks, it is essential to consider the influence of passenger flow within the network and the role of bus transfers when stops fail. This study proposes a vulnerability assessment method based on quantifying average passenger travel time losses. Simulations and calculations were conducted to evaluate network vulnerability following station failures. The impact of bus transfer efficiency coeffi-cients on network vulnerability was systematically analyzed. The results show that transfers to buses at stops with a high number of neighboring nodes cause greater average travel time losses. When bus transfer efficiency exceeds 0.8, average travel time losses reduce to 10% or less, demonstrating signif-icant resilience improvements.