From Diagnosis to Disease Staging: Multisite Validation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecular Tests in Multiple Sclerosis
This multicenter external validation study demonstrates that CSF-based molecular tests can robustly distinguish MS from other neurological conditions, stratify MS subtypes, and predict future disability progression in real-world settings. These results lay the groundwork for development of next-generation molecular tools to personalize care in MS. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:328-340.
Authors
- Péter Kósa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-0629)
- Mark Greenwood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-1201)
- Mark S. Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-9701)
- Christine Freedman
- Laura Piccio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-109X)
- Laura Ghezzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-9730)
- Enrique Álvarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-9643)
- Joanna Kocot
- Bibiana Bielekova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-9430)
- Anne H. Cross (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-7569)
- Francesca Pace
Institutions
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Montana State University (US)
- Ottawa Hospital (CA)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
- Ospedale Maggiore (IT)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- Rocky Mountain MS Center (US)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (CA)
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
- Neuroscience Research Australia (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annals of Neurology
- Published
- 2025-10-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.78047
- Primary Topic
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health