Ethnobotanical insights into the medicinal uses of Pteridophytic species in Uttar Pradesh

Since ancient times, natural remedies have been used to treat various ailments, with ferns and fern allies widely utilized in traditional medicine by tribal and ethnic communities worldwide. Ethnomedicinal knowledge, supported by historical texts and plant studies, is increasingly vital for healthcare and conservation efforts. This review documents 59 species (49 ferns and 10 fern allies) across 14 families and 26 genera, with 33 species reported for medicinal use in Uttar Pradesh.