The principle of the rule of law and human rights from ancient Rome to the present day

The objective of this paper is to explore the origins, development, and evolution of core European values, with a particular focus on the principle of the rule of law and the protection of human rights, beginning in Ancient Rome and continuing to the modern era. The authors seek to present the historical transformation of these values and assess their influence on the formation of contemporary European legal systems and society. Special consideration is given to Roman law, which serves as the bedrock of the European legal tradition, and to the pressing contemporary issues surrounding the preservation of the rule of law and human rights. The paper analyzes the emergence and development of the concepts of human rights and the rule of law within Roman law, through the work of legal schools and their most prominent representatives, examining the continuity and evolution of these values over time. The methodological approach incorporates comparative, historical, analytical, and deductive methods.