Growth and flowering dynamics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) genotypes: Exploring their potential for floriculture and aquatic gardening

This study investigated the growth characteristics and flowering patterns of various Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) genotypes to identify optimal selections for aquatic garden applications. Thirty genotypes of Nelumbo nucifera (Asian lotus) were evaluated under standardized conditions. Parameters measured included rate of rhizome formation, leaf production, time to first flowering, flower quantity and bloom duration. Significant differences were observed among genotypes in growth habit, flowering time and environmental adaptability. The genotypes Nn-6, Nn-16 and Nn-2 recorded early flower emergence, while Nn-2, Nn-16 and Nn-30 recorded a higher number of flowers per plant. Based on superior performance across multiple assessment criteria, particularly in terms of faster establishment, plant height, flower type and size, the genotypes were classified as small, medium and large types. Performance was notably affected by factors such as water depth, temperature and nutrient availability. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for selecting lotus genotypes best suitable for specific aquatic gardens and conditions, while highlighting the potential of lesser-known cultivars in aquatic landscaping.