Shadows of the Internet: how anonymity affects the psychological health of adolescents

<p><strong>Context and relevance</strong><strong>. </strong>In the context of rapid digitalization of society, the problem of anonymity on the Internet is especially relevant for adolescents. Modern adolescents actively use anonymous digital platforms, which on the one hand opens new opportunities for self-expression and search for support, and on the other hand is associated with risks for mental health, including cyberbullying, Internet addiction and reduction of psychological tension. The relevance of the study has led to the need for a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital anonymity on the mental health of adolescents in order to develop methods for prevention and education. <strong>Objective.</strong> The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of digital anonymity on the psychological state and social behavior of adolescents and to identify risk factors and resources associated with anonymous online interactions. <strong>Hypothesis.</strong> It is hypothesized that online anonymity acts as both a risk factor for adolescents' mental health and a resource for personal development, given certain conditions of support and digital literacy. <strong>Methods and materials</strong>. The paper provides a review of domestic and foreign scientific publications on digital anonymity and its impact on adolescents. Empirical and theoretical studies covering the issues of cyberbullying, Internet addiction, identity formation, as well as psychological and pedagogical aspects of ensuring the safety of adolescents in the digital environment were analyzed. <strong>Results.</strong> The review showed that digital anonymity leads to the risk of anxiety, depression, aggressive and deviant behavior, and promotes cyberbullying and Internet addiction among adolescents. However, anonymous platforms can serve a psychosocial support function by providing self-expression and positive identity formation, especially when digital literacy and adult support functions are in place. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The findings suggest the need for a comprehensive approach to preventing the effects of digital anonymity. It is important to develop adolescents' critical thinking skills, digital literacy and responsible online behavior, and to provide psychological support to minimize risk and discover the positive potential of anonymous digital media.</p>