Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of CdO/La2O3/PVP Nanocomposites by Microwave Irradiation Method

This study explores the structural, morphological, optical and photoluminescent properties of pure CdO, CdO/La2O3, and CdO/La2O3/PVP nanocomposites synthesized via the microwave irradiation method. XRD analysis confirms the face—centered cubic phase of CdO and the successful incorporation of La2O3 and PVP, evidenced by changes in lattice parameters and reduced crystallite sizes. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detects functional groups associated with La2O3 and PVP, confirming their integration into the CdO matrix. TEM reveals smaller particle sizes, improved dispersion and enhanced crystallinity in the composites. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows a bandgap increase from 3.4 eV (CdO) to 4.2 eV (CdO/La2O3/PVP), attributed to the Burstein–Moss effect and structural changes. PL studies indicate enhanced multi-band emissions and defect related transitions, suggesting improved charge separation and reduced recombination. Under UV irradiation, CdO/La2O3/PVP exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency for MB dye (65.77% in 120 min), outperforming CdO/La2O3 (48%) and pure CdO (22%) due to smaller particle size, more active sites, and better charge carrier separation. These results demonstrate the potential of CdO-based nanocomposites in photocatalysis, optoelectronics and energy harvesting applications.