Productivity of winter grain crops varieties and their cultivation efficiency depending on the use of agrochemicals in the non-black earth region conditions

Background. Considering that winter wheat and rye are among the important and main agricultural crops in the region, which are grown for food and feed purposes, the task was to increase its yield and grain quality, as well as to study the possibility of increasing the survival of crops after wintering. One of the ways to increase the survival of plants for the spring period and for harvesting in general is the use of various organomineral fertilizers in agrocenoses. Such a preparation can be agrochemical Arksoil, KKR in various doses, which is used as seed treatment before sowing and when spraying during the growing season of the crop. With the advent of new, promising varieties of winter wheat and rye, which require agroecological testing in conditions of a specific terrain in combination with organomineral fertilizers, it becomes possible to increase the productivity of winter grain crops, and this was the subject of these scientific experiments. Materials and methods. Research methods and methodology were based on the generalization of scientific sources of domestic and foreign authors, conducting laboratory and field studies, phenological observations, records, according to recommendations and generally accepted methods, using correlation and statistical analysis of the obtained experimental data. Microsoft Office Excel 10 was used for statistical work. Results. In conditions of the Non-Black Earth Region in 2021-2023, the highest yield level in experimental variants was shown by winter wheat variety Grom. In the variant without treatment, the average yield of winter wheat of Grom variety was 43.3 dt/ha, in variants with the use of organomineral fertilizer with growth-stimulating activity Arksoil KKR at dosages of 80 ml/ha and 120 ml/ha, respectively, it was 46.0 dt/ha and 47.7 dt/ha. Treatment with an agrochemical in the fall during the tillering period affected the survival rate by spring, increasing this indicator by 5.6-19.8% to 86.0-79.5%. On average, the maximum survival of plants was revealed in variants Grom + Arksoil KKR, 120 ml/ha (79.5%), Ethana + Arksoil KKR, 120 ml/ha (74.6%), Grom + Arksoil KKR, 80 ml/ha (75.0%). Relatively low overwintering of winter wheat plants was noted for varieties Lipetskaya Zvezda and Torrild. In the experiment, the most effective fertilizer in increasing the productivity of winter rye was Folirus Active, the variants of which had the maximum yield recorded among the hybrids. Among the studied winter rye hybrids, higher yields were shown by plots of ZU Forzetti hybrid, from 32.6 to 41.4 dt/ha; low productivity was revealed for Eterno hybrid, from 28.1 to 32.6 dt/ha. Conclusion. The use of organomineral fertilizer Arksoil KKR on all studied varieties provided a significant increase in the yield, as well as an increase in the economic efficiency of winter wheat grain production. The maximum economic effect was demonstrated by the technology of growing winter wheat of Grom variety with the introduction of agrochemical Arksoil KKR at a dosage of 120 ml/ha. In the studies conducted in agrocenoses of winter rye, the efficiency of all used organomineral fertilizers was observed. The maximum efficiency was revealed in the variant of growing winter rye ZU Forzetti + Folirus Active (41.4 dt/ha), Eterno + Folirus Active (32.6 dt/ha), Ravo + Folirus Active (35.7 dt/ha). The role of the studied organomineral fertilizers in experiments with winter wheat and rye in conditions of the Non-Black Earth Region was proven.