When The Pig Thinks: Human Identity & Ethics in Neural Xenotransplantation

If the Ship of Theseus remains the same ship after every plank is replaced, can a human remain the same self when parts of their brain are replaced with animal neurons? Neural xenotransplantation is the use of animal neural tissue to treat human brain disorders. While some successes in medical treatment have been noted, ethical concerns inevitably arise around cross-species integration, specifically the endangerment of human identity. This paper explores the scientific promise, clinical priorities, and philosophical implications surrounding neural xenotransplantation, arguing for cautious yet forward-thinking innovation.