Historical Models of Russian School Education: Educational Reforms in the Context of State Ideological Transformations

Aim. The aim of this study is to reconstruct models of school education in the history of Russia during the 20 th and 21 st centuries and to conduct their comparative analysis in the context of shaping a new strategic course for the Russian Federation in the field of education. Methodology. The primary method employed in the research is historical comparative analysis, which enabled the comparison of school education models in Russia through the lens of maximizing the educational and pedagogical potential of the Russian school system. Results. The study identified ten historical models of the Russian school, each distinguished by its educational goals and pedagogical approaches. These models reflect the ideological transformations within Russian history. Among them, the neoclassical school model and the model of fundamental sciences exhibit the highest potential in comparative analysis. Research implications. The findings are intended to inform the development of a strategic policy course in the field of education in the Russian Federation at the current stage.