Toward Efficient Carbon Utilization and Renewable Energy Storage: A Review of Zeolite Catalysts for CO _<b>2</b> Methanation

With rising CO2 emissions and the need for sustainable energy solutions, research into CO2 methanation has accelerated. This catalytic process converts CO2 to methane, a storable energy carrier with diverse applications. Zeolite-based catalysts have shown great promise for CO2 methanation due to their unique pore structures, thermal stability up to 400 °C, and ability to support metal dispersion. These properties make them well-suited for the selective and efficient production of methane. This review synthesizes recent progress in zeolite-catalyzed CO2 methanation. It thoroughly examines their structural properties and how different metal modifications affect their catalytic activity. While numerous reviews exist on CO2 methanation, this work offers a unique critical analysis by systematically comparing the catalytic performance of distinct zeolite frameworks: MFI (ZSM-5), BEA (Beta), and FAU (Y, X). This work critically evaluates how pore architecture, acidity, and ion-exchange capacity directly influence the activity, CH4 selectivity, and long-term stability of the final catalyst. By identifying key knowledge gaps and outlining a roadmap for the rational design of next-generation zeolite catalysts, this review provides a new perspective aimed at accelerating the transition from laboratory research to industrial application.