Earthquake detection system strategy based on multi-hop wireless sensor network using MEMS sensor

Abstract An Earthquake is a natural phenomenon that is caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's surface. Earthquakes also often occur in areas that are difficult for humans to reach, and even epicenters occur around mountains. This research aims to develop an earthquake detection mechanism based on a multi-hop sensor network. Multi-hop sensor networks play a critical role in modern Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), enabling efficient data collection and transmission in various applications. Unlike single-hop sensor networks, multi-hop networks rely on each sensor node to relay data from nodes to the base station. However, designing an optimal multihop sensor network will face several challenges, including network topology management, energy consumption, routing, and security. The system uses Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometer sensors to detect vibrations caused by earthquakes, with each sensor node connected within a network to enable real-time signal monitoring and improved detection coverage. Data transmission efficiency is improved using a multi-hop routing strategy. The system's performance in accurately detecting earthquakes and quickly distributing data has also been assessed and validated. The experiment found that changes in amplitude affected velocity values, and both are directly proportional. The average accuracy for 5 devices on the X -axis is 96.2%, and for the Y -axis is 97.5%. In a Line-of-Sight (LoS) condition, the systems are also able to deliver data packets with a success rate of 92.8% using a multi-hop data transmission scheme.