Assessment of the adaptability and spectroscopic characterization of cotton plants and their properties in the semi-arid region of El-Meita, Khenchela (Algeria)

Cotton is an important crop for the economy and textile sector in arid and semi-arid areas. This study evaluates the physical and chemical quality of cotton fibers grown in the El Meita region of Khenchela, Algeria, focusing on fiber fineness, length, and strength, as well as chemical analysis of the soil and fibers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Samples taken from several experimental plants showed notable variability in fiber quality, highlighting the impact of local soil and climate conditions. FTIR analysis detected essential organic and inorganic compounds, such as lignin, cellulose, calcium, and silica, revealing positive relationships between various soil elements and the mechanical properties of the fibers. These results provide crucial insights for the selection and improvement of local varieties, enabling increased fiber productivity and quality while promoting sustainable agriculture of cotton in the Khenchela region