ON THE ISSUE OF CALCULATING TRAM DELAYS AT TRAFFIC LIGHT OBJECTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DETERMINISTIC AND RANDOM FACTORS

The article addresses the problem of optimizing traffic light control to enhance the efficiency of tram movement in urban environments. Using the route network of Minsk as an example, an analysis of de-lay factors is conducted, including controllable factors (traffic light cycles, phase synchronization) and uncontrollable factors (passenger exchange, conflicts with other road users). An analytical model for calculating the arrival time of trams at traffic light objects (TLOs) is developed, taking into ac-count deterministic parameters (travel time, cycle duration) and stochastic deviations (arrival time variability). A phase synchronization coefficient (ηₛ) is introduced to assess the alignment of the tram's arrival time with the traffic light's green signal. A formula is proposed for calculating the opti-mal time shift between adjacent TLOs, considering both average travel times and variance due to ran-dom factors.