[Clinical development of genetically modified T cell therapies].

Genetically modified T cell therapies using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or a modified T cell receptor (TCR) have emerged as an attractive approach to cancer treatment, especially for hematological malignancies, and are becoming an indispensable therapeutic option in clinical practice. CAR- and TCR-T cell development continues to face many challenges, including relapsed/refractory disease, adverse events, manufacturing failures, and cost. Nevertheless, several significant achievements have been made, including favorable clinical responses in CAR-T cell trials and the first approval of a TCR-T cell product for synovial sarcoma by the FDA. This review article will describe the current state and future outlook of gene modified T cell therapy development, and will briefly discuss the drug discovery ecosystem for cell therapy platforms, with a particular focus on Japan.