Integrating Physics and Biomechanics in Sprinting: Modeling Forces and Validating Motion through Kinematic Data

This article presents an analytical study of sprinting mechanics by modeling the forces acting on a sprinter and validating these through experimental data. The study considers resistive forces such as air drag, ground friction, internal resistance, and gravity acting on sloped surfaces. A reduced-order model is developed to predict performance, with special attention to sprinting on curved tracks and the role of centripetal force. Empirical validation is achieved through time-split data from national-level sprinters, allowing segmentation into acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration phases. The study also investigates sprint start biomechanics, analyzing block position, acceleration patterns, and reaction times. The results support improved training techniques, optimized track design, and enhanced sprint efficiency through physics-informed coaching strategies.