Impact of socio-economic factors and lifestyle behaviours on the quality of life of diabetes patients in Markurdi Benue state Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus significantly affects quality of life (QoL). Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, play a crucial role in managing the disease. This study investigated the impact of socio-economic and lifestyle behaviors on the QoL of diabetes patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 571 type-2 diabetics. Data were collected on socio-economic factors, lifestyle behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary habits) using standard procedures. Anthropometry, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels were determined using standard procedures. QoL was assessed using the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent QoL questionnaire. Pearson's Chi-square and analysis of variance were conducted at p < 0.05. A high prevalence of poor dietary habits (93.9%), physical inactivity (50.4%), and abdominal obesity (16.6%) were observed. Additionally, 30.0% and 8.2% respondents were alcohol drinkers, and tobacco smokers, respectively. Diabetes had a significant negative impact on QoL, with 39.6% of respondents reporting a poor QoL. Treatment options, dietary habits, and physical activity levels were found to be significant (p < 0.05) predictors of QoL. The greatest negative impact of diabetes was on respondents' "freedom to eat". Improving physical activity and dietary habits can significantly enhance the QoL. Tailored interventions targeting lifestyle factors are essential for optimizing disease management and improving patient outcomes.