Addressing critical challenges towards a robust data system for life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method that evaluates the environmental impact of products, technologies or services across their life cycles. LCA data record the inputs and outputs of products and processes over their lifespan. However, owing to inconsistent methodologies and limited compatibility across tools and formats, LCA data face challenges related to quality and interoperability. In this Review, we discuss approaches for LCA data harmonization. A unified LCA data system can help to streamline data management and sharing, and better support decision-making. Through collaborative efforts and the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies, it might also be possible to create a more integrated LCA data system. For instance, open-source tools can contribute to easier access and transparency in LCA data. Establishing unified rules, methods and infrastructures to develop interoperable databases can help to achieve broader and more effective LCAs. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can measure the environmental impact of products and technologies, but it faces challenges in data quality and system interoperability. This Review examines the need for standardized methodologies, improved transparency, open-source tools, and the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain to develop global LCA data systems.