Addressing Forced Displacement Through Social Protection: Policy Reflections for Humanitarian-Development Convergence 1

This paper examines the political economy dynamics that constrain convergence between social protection and humanitarian assistance in protracted displacement contexts. While technical coordination has advanced, deeper political, institutional, and financial barriers persist. Divergent mandates, accountability structures, and financing modalities continue to impede the sustainable inclusion of forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) in national systems. The paper highlights the importance of political will, legal frameworks, and tailored programmes to address FDPs' vulnerabilities, while warning against bypassing state systems and emphasising the need for innovative financing and stronger accountability.