Efficient in vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Spindle Leaf Roll Segments of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cv. Co0238

In vitro regeneration is vital for sugarcane improvement as it supports genetic modification and rapid crop enhancement. The sugarcane cultivar Co0238 was in vitro regenerated through callus culture using spindle leaf roll segments. A single medium composition was used for callus induction and subsequent regeneration to validate its efficacy for indirect regeneration in sugarcane, as it was already standardized, providing additional evidence for its application in such studies. Callus was induced on MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L kinetin, achieving 51.8% callus induction. Shoot regeneration was optimal on medium containing 5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin with regeneration frequency of 41.5%, while rooting was achieved at a frequency of 83.9% on medium containing 5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin, with a subsequent survival rate of 69.9%. The established protocol supports large-scale clonal propagation and offers a consistent system for use in genetic transformation studies targeting sugarcane improvement.