Transforming Interpretation of Heritage Sites with AR and VR – A Case of Wooden Temples of Chamba, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Abstract. As digital innovation redefines user experience and engagement, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) emerge as compelling mediums for heritage interpretation, offering new avenues to immerse audiences in both tangible and intangible dimensions of cultural heritage. This paper explores the potential of VR in interpreting the oldest surviving wooden temples, dating back to the 7th century, from the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh in India, specifically the Lakshana Devi Temple in Bharmour and the Shakti Devi Temple in Chhatrari. The research follows a qualitative-interpretive research design, built upon a mixed-method case study approach to explore the role of digital documentation and immersive storytelling in interpreting the intricate Post-Gupta, Gandhara Style, and Kashmiri Style wood carvings and the Pahari style Murals within the ancient wooden temples of Chamba. Crafted from indigenous deodar wood and adorned with intricate wood carvings, these temples embody a unique Himalayan architectural tradition renowned for its seismic resilience and rich cultural narratives. Through photogrammetry and digital documentation, annotated 3D models are created to facilitate immersive storytelling grounded in the associated narratives, ritualistic traditions, and local belief systems. This research proposes an AR and VR-driven framework that emphasizes the importance of narratives in the interpretation and conservation of heritage through digital storytelling and festival and ritual simulation. It highlights a gap in immersive storytelling that engages users both emotionally and cognitively, arguing that AR-VR, when employed thoughtfully, can preserve not just the form but the essence of heritage sites, reinforcing their relevance for both local communities and global audiences.