Perception and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Sports in Indonesia: A Quantitative Analysis from the Perspectives of Coaches, Athletes, and Referees

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of coaches, athletes, and referees regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in sports in Indonesia, as well as the factors influencing its adoption. A descriptive quantitative research method was employed, involving 40 respondents consisting of coaches (55%), athletes (25%), and referees (20%). Data were collected using a Likert-scale-based questionnaire and analyzed using inferential statistical tests (ANOVA, simple linear regression) and reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha). The results show that coaches had the most positive perception of AI (score 4.1/5), while referees were the most skeptical (score 3.4/5), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.015). Experience with AI was found to significantly increase perceived ease of use (β = 0.8, p = 0.002), while no significant differences were found based on gender (p = 0.65). The study identifies key challenges such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and the need for practical training. Practical implications include recommendations to develop AI applications in the Indonesian language, organize simulation workshops for referees, and foster multisector collaboration to equalize access. This study concludes that AI has the potential to drive the transformation of Indonesian sports, but inclusive strategies are required strategies that consider the local context and the specific needs of stakeholders.