Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Propolis dari Lebah Trigona Sp Asal Balikpapan terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Enteric bacterial infectious diseases such as Escherichia coli are still a serious health problem in many countries, mainly due to the increasing cases of antibiotic resistance that cause the effectiveness of conventional therapies to decline. This condition encourages the search for safer and more effective natural alternatives, one of which is propolis produced by the Trigona sp. bee Trigona sp. Propolis is known to contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acid, which act as antimicrobials. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of propolis extract against E. coli by the sumpray diffusion method. The results of the study showed that there was an inhibition zone that varied according to the concentration of the extract. At a concentration of 10%, an average inhibition zone of 19.85 mm (strong category), a 20% concentration of 22.35 mm (very strong), and a concentration of 30% reaches 26.62 mm (very strong). In comparison, the positive control of ciprofloxacin produced 21.25 mm of resistance, while the negative control (DMSO) showed no activity. ANOVA analysis confirmed significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). These findings confirm that propolis extract has the potential to be developed as an effective natural antimicrobial agent.